IPCS - Non - Traditional Security Issues

James Sleeman, Thug, or a Million Murders, London: Sampson Low, Marston and Co., 1933, Cited in Sumita Sarkar and Arvind Tiwari, "Combating Organised Crime: A Case Study of Mumbai City", in K P S Gill and Ajai Sahni (eds.), Faultlines, vol.12, Bullwork and ICM, May2002, p. 140.

It was a committee made up of Senators in the USA, headed by Estes Kefauver, Democratic Senator from Tennessee, to gain a better understanding on how to expose and fight organized crime. See htpp://www.murderinc.com/feds/kefauver.html

M. L. Sharma, Organised Crime in India, (Tokyo: United Nations Asia and Far East Institute, 1999), p. 88.

Maharashtra Act No. XXX of 1999, (Mumbai: Government Central Press, 1999), p.625.

Denny F. Pace and Jimmy C. Styles, Organised Crime, Concepts and Control, Prentice Hall, New York, 1983. p. 21.

UK Threat Assessment 2002 on http://www.ncis.co.ul/ukta/threat6.asp.

Vohra Committee Report, submitted to Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India, 9^th July 1993, p. 4.

V K Saraf Report on Formation of Criminal Gangs in Big Cities, submitted to BPR & D, 1999. Dr. S.C.Agarwal, "Electronic Cash and Its Potential for Drug, Cash and Organised Crime", CBI Bulletin, September 2002, p.6.

N.S. Jamwal, "Hawala -The Invisible Financing System of Terrorism", Strategic Analysis, Apr-Jun 2002 Vol. 26 No.2, p. 181.

John Arquilla and David Ronfeldt, "The Advent of Netwar (Revisited)", in John Arquilla and David Ronfeldt (eds.), Networks and Netwars: The Future of Terror, Crime and Militancy, http://www.rand.org/publications/MR/MR1382/.

Herbert E. Alexander and Gerald E. Caiden, "Perspectives on Organised Crime", in Herbert E. Alexander and Gerald E. Caiden (ed.), The Politics and Economics of Organised Crime, D.C. Healtes Co., Lexington, 1983.p.4.

Sumita Sarkar, "Combating Organised Crime as Systems Strategy: A Case of Mumbai Metropolis", The Indian Police Journal, January-March 2002, p. 48.

V. Eshwar Anand, "Will Ordinance check criminalisation of politics?: When politicians betray people’s trust", The Tribune, 1 September 2002, Chandigarh.

Ajai Sahni, "Dubai and the Criminal-terror nexus", Asia Times, 13 February, 2003.

Mr. Ujjwal Nikam was interviewed by the author on "Legal dimension of Organised Crime" on 7^th April 2003. (See: Annexure 3)

Pravin Swami, "Mumbai’s Mafia Wars, Frontline, Vol.16, No.7, March 27-April 9,1999. p. 27 "Bollywood-Underworld Nexus", Editorial, The Hindu, 21 August 2002.

Thakur Kuldip S Ludra, "Is Islam Becoming a Threat to India’s National Security-II", http://members.tripod.com/israindia/isr/oct31/islam.html .

Pavin Swami, "Disappearing act", Frontline, Vol 19-Issue 3, Feb 2-15, 2002. pp. 17-21.

Praveen Swami, "Mumbai’s Mafia Wars", Frontline, Vol.16 – Issue 7, Mr.27-Apr.9, 1999, p. 26.

Sumita Sarkar, "Combating Organised Crime as Systems Strategy: A Case of Mumbai Metropolis", The Indian Police Journal, January-March 2002, p. 44.

TCAS Raghavan, "The Problem of Black Money", Peace and Conflict, Vol.6.No.3, 2003.

Crime Branch, Mumbai Police, June 2001, cited in Sumita Sarkar and Arvind Tiwari, op.cit., p. 158.

L. C Amarnathan, "Economic Crimes in India and Effective Counter Measures", Occasional Paper.

V. Eshwar Anand, "Will Ordinance check criminalisation of politics?: When politicians betray people’s trust", The Tribune, 1 September 2002, Chandigarh.

A Consultation Paper on "Review of the Working of Political Parties – Specially the relation to Elections and Reform Options", Presented to the Advisory Panel on Electoral Reforms; Standards in Political Life http://lawmin.nic.in/ncrwc/final report/v2b1-8.htm

Sanjaya Dhakal, "Policing the region", Spotlight, Vol 22, No. 11, Sep 06 – Sep 12, 2002 http://www.nepalnews.com